Showing posts with label Citations. Show all posts
Thursday Thoughts: Practice and Test Your Writing and APA Knowledge
APA
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Avoiding Plagiarism
,
Citations
,
Grammar and Mechanics
,
Paragraphs
,
Plagiarism
,
Scholarly Writing
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Looking to test and practice your knowledge of sentence structure
or grammar? How about your knowledge of APA and avoiding plagiarism? In addition to many of our web pages that provide “knowledge check” links for students to
test their writing knowledge, the Writing Center also has interactive modules on several
different grammar
topics, sentence structure, APA style,
plagiarism prevention, and even paragraph development and transitions.
You can access our modules at any time, so check out one or more of our modules today!
Once you check out our modules, tell us what you think—what modules did you try and how have they helped you continue to practice and test your knowledge of writing and APA?
The Walden University
Writing Center creates content to help students with a range of topics
related to scholarly writing, APA style, and the writing process. We host
webinars, and offer paper reviews, live chat, and a podcast.
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You can access our modules at any time, so check out one or more of our modules today!
Once you check out our modules, tell us what you think—what modules did you try and how have they helped you continue to practice and test your knowledge of writing and APA?
The Walden University
Writing Center creates content to help students with a range of topics
related to scholarly writing, APA style, and the writing process. We host
webinars, and offer paper reviews, live chat, and a podcast.
Never miss a new post; Opt-out at any time
Thursday Thoughts: Live Webinars in March
APA
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Capstone Writing
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Citations
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Expert Advice
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Grammar and Mechanics
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Literature Review
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Scholarly Writing
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webinars
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Can you believe it’s March already? How is your progress on
your New Year’s writing goals?
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Whether you did or didn’t set any writing goals for yourself this year,
why not plan to work on your writing now by joining us for some of our live webinars in March!
Improving Your Writing: Strategies for Revising, Proofing, and Using Feedback
Wednesday, March 6, 2019
8:00p.m.-9:00 p.m. (Eastern)
This webinar will discuss the revision process in all its forms, including explaining the difference between proofreading and revising, how to revise on your own, how to revise using Writing Center or peer feedback, and how to revise using faculty feedback.
APA Citations Part 2: Nontraditional Sources
Thursday, March 14, 2019
12:00 p.m.-1:00 p.m. (Eastern)
In this second of two APA sessions, Writing Center staff members will discuss nontraditional APA citations and reference entries, with an emphasis on those that are common to Walden assignments. We will provide guidance on citing discussion posts, course videos, and other sources that are required at Walden but not explored thoroughly in the APA manual. Participants will receive links and other tools for helping students master these formats.
Reviewing the Literature and Incorporating Previous Research
Tuesday, March 19, 2019
1:00 p.m.-2:00 p.m. (Eastern)
This session will focus on writing approaches to synthesizing the research, including strategies to help organize and evaluate your sources, particularly in the literature review of doctoral capstone studies.
Practical Writing Skills: Using & Integrating Quotes
Thursday, March 21, 2019
7:00 p.m.-8:00 p.m. (Eastern)
Learn the best way to use and integrate quotes in your academic writing in this interactive webinar. In the first half of this webinar you'll learn the basic principles for incorporating quotes into your writing, and then in the second half you'll practice integrating quotes so you can master this writing skill.
Mastering the Mechanics Part 2: Compound & Complex Sentences
Tuesday, March 26, 2019
3:00 p.m.-4:00 p.m. (Eastern)
The second webinar in the Mastering the Mechanics series focuses on writing compound and complex sentences, with an emphasis on using correct punctuation, identifying common errors, and practicing skills. This webinar will support students in composing varied, sophisticated, and grammatically correct sentences.
If you are unable to attend any of these sessions in person, we post recordings of every live webinar event on the Walden University Writing Center website. The recordings of these sessions are posted 24 hours after they take place, and you can watch them free and on-demand.
Improving Your Writing: Strategies for Revising, Proofing, and Using Feedback
Wednesday, March 6, 2019
8:00p.m.-9:00 p.m. (Eastern)
This webinar will discuss the revision process in all its forms, including explaining the difference between proofreading and revising, how to revise on your own, how to revise using Writing Center or peer feedback, and how to revise using faculty feedback.
APA Citations Part 2: Nontraditional Sources
Thursday, March 14, 2019
12:00 p.m.-1:00 p.m. (Eastern)
In this second of two APA sessions, Writing Center staff members will discuss nontraditional APA citations and reference entries, with an emphasis on those that are common to Walden assignments. We will provide guidance on citing discussion posts, course videos, and other sources that are required at Walden but not explored thoroughly in the APA manual. Participants will receive links and other tools for helping students master these formats.
Reviewing the Literature and Incorporating Previous Research
Tuesday, March 19, 2019
1:00 p.m.-2:00 p.m. (Eastern)
This session will focus on writing approaches to synthesizing the research, including strategies to help organize and evaluate your sources, particularly in the literature review of doctoral capstone studies.
Practical Writing Skills: Using & Integrating Quotes
Thursday, March 21, 2019
7:00 p.m.-8:00 p.m. (Eastern)
Learn the best way to use and integrate quotes in your academic writing in this interactive webinar. In the first half of this webinar you'll learn the basic principles for incorporating quotes into your writing, and then in the second half you'll practice integrating quotes so you can master this writing skill.
Mastering the Mechanics Part 2: Compound & Complex Sentences
Tuesday, March 26, 2019
3:00 p.m.-4:00 p.m. (Eastern)
The second webinar in the Mastering the Mechanics series focuses on writing compound and complex sentences, with an emphasis on using correct punctuation, identifying common errors, and practicing skills. This webinar will support students in composing varied, sophisticated, and grammatically correct sentences.
If you are unable to attend any of these sessions in person, we post recordings of every live webinar event on the Walden University Writing Center website. The recordings of these sessions are posted 24 hours after they take place, and you can watch them free and on-demand.
The Walden University
Writing Center creates content to help students with a range of topics
related to scholarly writing, APA style, and the writing process. We host
webinars, and offer paper reviews, live chat, and a podcast.
Never miss a new post; Opt-out at any time
Joining the Conversation: Scholarly Justification for Citation
Why do APA style standards include a requirement about
writers attributing points to their respective sources through proper citation? Many scholarly writers are likely aware of APA standards for
citation in relation to avoiding plagiarism. However, proper citation is not only about avoiding plagiarism
and giving credit for ideas where credit is due. Citation is also about
situating yourself, as a scholar, in your field of study. In this post, let’s
take a look at what it means to situate yourself as a scholar in your field of
study.
When you read and use sources in your field of study, you
are entering the academic conversation of those in your field. As such, you are
situating yourself in your field of study. For instance, as you read more
within your disciplinary field, you become more familiar with some of the terms
used in that field to discuss certain concepts. If you are a nursing student, for
example, you not only follow APA standards for scholarly writing, you also likely
have a certain set of standards in relation to terms and concepts that are
specific for your field of study which are used to communicate ideas. Just like
there are specific terms and concepts in your field of study, there are
scholars in your field of study who have developed and or discussed these
specific terms and concepts, creating new arguments by building on the
arguments of others.
So, when you acknowledge these scholars in your own work,
you are acknowledging that you are familiar with the conversations that have
already taken place within your field of study and, in doing so, are able to
better situation your own voice within that conversation. For example, imagine
what the field of medicine would be like now if the last argument was that
doctors and nurses should wash their hands as a precaution against infection?
Someone needed to first make the argument and then others in the field needed
to build on the concepts behind the argument to simultaneously create new
arguments within a field of study and ensure that field of study is alive and
fresh with new advances.
Flash forward to today: You wouldn’t want to be in the field of nursing, for
instance, and presume to make an original claim that nurses should wash their
hands, right? Doing so would not only not lead to advancements in your field of
study, but it would situate you as an outsider to the field, unfamiliar with
the discourse and studies that scholars have already conducted. Thus, you would
want to know what the most recent scholarly discussion in your field is on this
topic, and you would want to use that research to develop your own argument—an argument that can only be
supported by acknowledging the relevant arguments on the topic that have
already taken place.
Along with the disciplinary expectations for scholarly
writing in general (such as following the APA style guide for those in the
social sciences), there are also expectations within your own field of study.
These expectations include knowing the conversations that have already taken
place in your field of study and being able to cite them and build off them
with your own, unique critical thinking and contributions to those conversations. In short, by citing others, you simultaneously build
your own scholarly credibility and situate yourself as a scholar in your field
of study.
What are some other ways you build scholarly credibility in
your field of study by following APA style standards?
Veronica Oliver is a Writing Instructor in the Walden Writing Center. In her spare time she writes fiction, binge watches Netflix, and occasionally makes it to a 6am Bikram Yoga class.
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Should I Use Narrative or Parenthetical Citation?
One complexity of APA citation formatting is that besides including all of the correct components in a citation, writers also need to choose whether to use narrative or parenthetical citation for each sentence that contains source material.
Maybe you have all of your research ready and know exactly how to cite authors and how often to cite authors, but you’re wondering about the difference between narrative citation, which is citation within the grammatical structure of the sentence, and parenthetical citation, which is citation within parentheses usually found at the end of a sentence. Is one type of citation better than the other? Are there rules for when to use each type of citation? If you’ve ever found yourself wondering any of these questions, you’ve come to the right place for answers!
Narrative citation appears within the grammatical structure of the sentence. Put simply, narrative citation occurs when you use the author’s name within the sentence.
A narrative citation with paraphrased material might look like this:
Narrative citation with quoted material might look like this:
In contrast, parenthetical citation includes the author’s name in parentheses rather than within the sentence.
A parenthetical citation with paraphrased material follows:
Maybe you have all of your research ready and know exactly how to cite authors and how often to cite authors, but you’re wondering about the difference between narrative citation, which is citation within the grammatical structure of the sentence, and parenthetical citation, which is citation within parentheses usually found at the end of a sentence. Is one type of citation better than the other? Are there rules for when to use each type of citation? If you’ve ever found yourself wondering any of these questions, you’ve come to the right place for answers!
Narrative citation appears within the grammatical structure of the sentence. Put simply, narrative citation occurs when you use the author’s name within the sentence.
A narrative citation with paraphrased material might look like this:
- Doe (2018) studied the swimming habits of marine animals in tide pools.
Narrative citation with quoted material might look like this:
- Doe (2018) argued that “many of the creatures in tide pools love to swim” (p. 280).
In contrast, parenthetical citation includes the author’s name in parentheses rather than within the sentence.
A parenthetical citation with paraphrased material follows:
- The marine animals that inhabit tide pools enjoy swimming (Doe, 2018).
Parenthetical citation with quoted material would look like this:
- In contrast to the inhabitants of larger bodies of water, “many of the creatures in tide pools love to swim” (Doe, 2018, p. 280).
Basically, the difference between narrative and parenthetical citation stems from citation placement within the sentence. One important rule to remember is that you won’t mix these two methods into one sentence; in other words, you might use either narrative citation or parenthetical citation in a given sentence, but you won’t use both in one sentence. With that explained, you might be wondering why a writer might use one over the other and whether one type of citation is preferred in APA style.
A writer might choose between narrative or parenthetical citation for several reasons:
1.) If the writer wants to highlight the author—for example, if the writer is making an argument about the author or highlighting what different authors argued about the same topic—the writer might choose to use narrative citation.
2.) If the writer wants to highlight the information rather than the author—for example, if the writer is making an overall point about a topic and the focus is on the argument rather than on who made the argument—the writer might choose to use parenthetical citation.
3.) If the writer is using the same source multiple times throughout a paragraph, the writer might choose to vary the different methods to improve readability and add sentence variety. Avoiding repetitive citing techniques when summarizing sources can improve flow and source integration in paragraphs.
In sum, narrative and parenthetical citations are equally important, and when and how you use them depends on your specific goal in a paragraph and in using a particular source. Using narrative or parenthetical citation can stem from a conscious choice to focus on the author or information, but it can also stem from an aesthetic choice to improve readability. Whatever type of citation you choose to use, the Walden University Writing Center has resources to help you perfect APA formatting in your coursework!
Katherine McKinney is a writing instructor in the Walden University Writing Center. She received an M.A. in English from Valdosta State University in Valdosta, Georgia, and is currently pursuing a Ph.D. in Education at Walden. Katherine's goal as an instructor is to show students that the best writing results from practice, and she aims to provide feedback and resources that will guide students through the invention, composition, and revision process.
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A writer might choose between narrative or parenthetical citation for several reasons:
1.) If the writer wants to highlight the author—for example, if the writer is making an argument about the author or highlighting what different authors argued about the same topic—the writer might choose to use narrative citation.
2.) If the writer wants to highlight the information rather than the author—for example, if the writer is making an overall point about a topic and the focus is on the argument rather than on who made the argument—the writer might choose to use parenthetical citation.
3.) If the writer is using the same source multiple times throughout a paragraph, the writer might choose to vary the different methods to improve readability and add sentence variety. Avoiding repetitive citing techniques when summarizing sources can improve flow and source integration in paragraphs.
In sum, narrative and parenthetical citations are equally important, and when and how you use them depends on your specific goal in a paragraph and in using a particular source. Using narrative or parenthetical citation can stem from a conscious choice to focus on the author or information, but it can also stem from an aesthetic choice to improve readability. Whatever type of citation you choose to use, the Walden University Writing Center has resources to help you perfect APA formatting in your coursework!
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APA Style Refresh: Suffixes
Join us for a new blog feature where we give our readers, students, and scholarly writers an APA Refresh. These posts will help you to understand the common (and some not-so-common) APA rules, guidelines, and style considerations. We hope you find them informative and helpful. Just like a cold beverage on a hot, hot day, you'll definitely enjoy this APA Refresh!
When formatting essays in APA style, you may already know the basics of document formatting and how to use in-text citation. If not, I highly recommend a visit to our Writing Center resources for APA style. Even if you already know what to include in a parenthetical citation and how to format authors’ names in the reference list, there are some nuances in APA formatting that can cause problems even for seasoned users of APA style. For example, how should a writer format author names that include suffixes such as “Sr.” or “Jr.”?
According to the APA Style blog, while suffixes are set off by commas and included in the reference list, suffixes should not be included in in-text citations. Whether author Jane Doe is a “Jr.” or “III” or just plain Jane Doe, the only time a writer will use a suffix in conjunction with an author name is in the reference list. You can see a couple of examples illustrating how a writer might cite a work by Jane Elizabeth Doe, Sr., below:
Example in-text citation:
Doe (2016) lamented the nitpicky nature of APA formatting.
Example reference list entry:
Doe, J. E., Sr. (2016). Why does my suffix have to make everything so difficult? The Journal of Nitpicky APA Rules, 22, 6-46. doi:24.5297.t64364
Putting aside the fact that I wouldn’t want to read a 40-page article from a journal titled The Journal of Nitpicky APA Rules, using suffixes in APA isn’t so difficult. Even so, it can be helpful to review some of the more obscure APA rules occasionally. If you find these rules as difficult to remember as I do, the Walden University Writing Center blog team is here to help!
Katherine McKinney is a writing instructor in the Walden University Writing Center. She received an M.A. in English from Valdosta State University in Valdosta, Georgia, and is currently pursuing a Ph.D. in Education at Walden. Katherine's goal as an instructor is to show students that the best writing results from practice, and she aims to provide feedback and resources that will guide students through the invention, composition, and revision process.
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June Webinar Update
APA
,
Capstone Writing
,
Citations
,
Discussion Posts
,
Dissertation
,
Organization
,
Reading & Writing
,
Scholarly Writing
,
Writing Process
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Happy June, Walden students! We hope your summer months are off to a sunny start! This month we have a range of webinars from APA to Capstone writing.
The
Walden Writing Center provides information and assistance to students
with services like live chat, webinars, course visits, paper reviews,
podcasts, modules, and the writing center webpages. Through these
services they provide students assistance with APA, scholarly writing,
and help students gain skills and confidence to enhance their scholarly
work.
Never miss a new post; Opt-out at any time
Every webinar presents
students with a live, interactive setting where you can ask questions of
writing center staff, work on practice exercises and questions, and develop a
better understanding of the topic being presented. This month, our topics include APA basics, paper development, the capstone writing transition, and critical thinking. Check out our schedule below. All times listed in EST.
You can click these links to register for the
webinar ahead of time! If you can’t attend live, don’t worry—you can check out our entire Webinar Recording Library here.
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If you have any questions
about our webinar schedule or appointment scheduling system, e-mail us at writingsupport@waldenu.edu. We hope
to see you there!
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Writing Center Resource: Paper Reviews!
APA
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Capstone Writing
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Citations
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Concise Writing
,
Grammar and Mechanics
,
Organization
,
Paragraphs
,
Reading & Writing
,
Revising
,
Scholarly Writing
,
Writing Center Services
,
Writing Process
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Some of you may be familiar with the Writing Center’s paper
review service—maybe you use it often, perhaps you’ve heard of us
but never made an appointment, or maybe this resource is news to you! Regardless
of where you fall along this spectrum, we’re here today to remind you of what
paper reviews can do for you—even during a term break!
Paper reviews are asynchronous one-on-one reviews of your
coursework with a Writing Center writing instructor. Here are the steps to get started!:
- Sign up for an account in myPASS (my Paper Appointment Scheduling System).
- Make an appointment up to two weeks in advance with a writing instructor.
- Attach your paper in myPASS by 5 a.m. EST the day of the appointment (you’ll even receive a reminder email two days before).
Once you’ve attached your paper, sit back and relax! A writing instructor will read through your work and return it with helpful, supportive comments the day of your appointment or the day after your appointment. Your writing instructor will provide you advice on patterns in your writing, use specific examples from your work, and share resources to assist you as you hone your academic writing skills on everything from synthesis to citing.
How can you use this service during a term break? You are
more than welcome to submit work that you’ve already turned in! Make an
appointment for during the break, and let the writing instructor know in your
appointment form that you’ve already submitted the paper and are looking for help
on observing patterns in your work and learning some tools to assist you. You
can even revise that old paper to see if you’re understanding the feedback and are
able to implement it—then submit it for another review.
Term breaks are also great times to reserve two appointments
per week to get feedback on revisions you're making to longer-term writing
projects, like a doctoral premise or prospectus.
Making a paper review appointment during a term break is a
great way to hone your writing skills in a less time-sensitive environment than
during course time, while still continuing to advance your work and keep your
mind engaged in academic writing.
The
Walden Writing Center provides information and assistance to students
with services like live chat, webinars, course visits, paper reviews,
podcasts, modules, and Writing Center webpages. Through these
services they provide students assistance with APA, scholarly writing,
and help students gain skills and confidence to enhance their scholarly
work.
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WriteCast Episode 38: The Literature Review Matrix: What it is, How to Use it, and How to Make it Work for You
APA
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Capstone Writing
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Citations
,
Digital Research
,
Dissertation
,
Literature Review
,
podcast
,
Prewriting
,
Scholarly Writing
,
WriteCast
,
Writing Process
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Have you heard of the literature review matrix? It's a tool you'll want to know about if you're working on, or going to be working on, any major research and writing project. If you are familiar with the matrix but aren't yet sure how to use it or haven't found it helpful, then this episode is for you, too. Brittany shares why she loves the matrix as a researching, writing, and teaching tool, and Beth explains why she was hesitant about the matrix at first but how students can tailor it to meet their own research needs.
The Literature Review Matrix resource, the focus of this episode, is available in Word and PDF form on our website!
Click on the player below to listen to the full episode now. To download the episode, click the share button on the player, then click the download button. If you'd like a transcript of today's episode, or to access our episode archive, head over to our WriteCast: A Casual Conversation for Serious Writers homepage. Happy Listening!
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The WriteCast podcast is produced by Anne Shiell and the staff of
the Walden University Writing Center and delves into a different
writing issue in each episode. In line with the mission of the Writing
Center, WriteCast provides multi-modal, on demand writing instruction
that enhances students' writing skill and ease. We hope you enjoy this
episode and comment in
the box below.
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The Literature Review Matrix resource, the focus of this episode, is available in Word and PDF form on our website!
Click on the player below to listen to the full episode now. To download the episode, click the share button on the player, then click the download button. If you'd like a transcript of today's episode, or to access our episode archive, head over to our WriteCast: A Casual Conversation for Serious Writers homepage. Happy Listening!
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May Webinar Update
APA
,
Avoiding Plagiarism
,
Citations
,
Grammar and Mechanics
,
Literature Review
,
Organization
,
Reading & Writing
,
Revising
,
Scholarly Writing
,
thesis
,
Writing Center Services
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Happy nearly May, Walden students! We hope the flowers are blooming where you live! This month we have a range of webinars, including a brand new offering on plagiarism prevention.
The
Walden Writing Center provides information and assistance to students
with services like live chat, webinars, course visits, paper reviews,
podcasts, modules, and the writing center webpages. Through these
services they provide students assistance with APA, scholarly writing,
and help students gain skills and confidence to enhance their scholarly
work.
Never miss a new post; Opt-out at any time
Every webinar presents
students with a live, interactive setting where you can ask questions of
writing center staff, work on practice exercises and questions, and develop a
better understanding of the topic being presented. This month, our topics range
from literature reviews and reference lists to grammar and thesis statements. We also have a brand new webinar on Plagiarism Prevention that will help you avoid plagiarism in your work! Check out our schedule below. All times listed in EST.
You can click these links to register for the
webinar ahead of time! If you can’t attend live, don’t worry—you can check out our entire Webinar Recording Library here.
|
If you have any questions
about our webinar schedule or appointment scheduling system, e-mail us at writingsupport@waldenu.edu. We hope
to see you there!
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Citations and Style: APA Documentation With a Purpose
Most Walden proposals (the first three parts of a capstone study) cover three topics: overview of the study, literature review, and methodology. Because many of the sentences in those chapters present facts or ideas that do not belong to the writer, citations are needed, whether parenthetical or in-text.
Choosing between parenthetical and in-text citations
It is important to understand the difference between a parenthetical citation—where the author(s) and year appear between parentheses, often at the end of a sentence—and an in-text citation—where the author(s) appears in the narrative, often toward the start of a sentence. The difference is one of relative importance. For example, a parenthetical citation is generally used because the authors’ ideas are more important than the authors themselves. By keeping the ideas in the foreground and the authors in the background, the argument is easier to follow and the text is easier to read.
On the other hand, an in-text citation is often used because the authors are roughly as important as their ideas, for example, in a discussion of competing theories. (In-text citations have one other application that is unrelated to importance: They are used to start out a series of sentences that are based on a single source. With the author in the narrative, another citation is not needed until after a new source is used within the same paragraph.)
Purposefully using parenthetical and in-text citations
Although parenthetical and in-text citations are of equal validity, parenthetical citations are virtually hidden in a sentence. Because a given sentence typically carries one idea, and because parenthetical citations appear right after that idea, such citations often appear at the end of a sentence, cloaked in parentheses, and thus easily ignored as readers leap to the next sentence.
In-text citations, on the other hand, are a prominent part of a sentence by design. Often enough, they are the subject. But this means they can easily imbalance a sentence. Here are some words of guidance for developing your own citation style:
1. Using author names in the narrative can overemphasize them when they are used as the subject of a sentence, but the problem is compounded when the names are used at the start of a paragraph: That is where readers need a topic sentence. Readers have still more trouble if a series of paragraphs starts with an in-text citation—common in the literature review. While the author names are important, they should not overshadow the import of their claims.
2. As the subject of a sentence, an in-text citation can retard flow—of both sentence and paragraph—especially if the citation includes multiple authors. If possible, the sentence should be rewritten to move the citation out of the subject position. Instead of “Anders, Berwin, and Cretel stated that,” greater balance is possible with the alternative phrasing, “According to Anders, Berwin, and Cretel…."
3. In-text citations require verbs to characterize what the author(s) wrote, for example, claimed, suggested, conducted, and examined. But for many students, it is not easy to accurately characterize what a source writes. However, it is very important to get close. The simple verbs, “stated” and “wrote” are good places to start. Also keep in mind that verbs describing what sources did should be conjugated in the past tense.
4. Sometimes a sentence that ends with a parenthetical citation is followed in the very next sentence by that same citation used as an in-text citation. For example, “…adapted for homeless populations (Gelberg, Andersen, & Leake, 2000). Gelberg, Andersen, and Leake (2000) suggested that homeless populations are….” Here, the sources are listed back-to-back, once in each sentence. To avoid this logjam, start with an in-text citation. Because the author is given in the narrative, no further citations would be needed in the same paragraph until after a different source were used.
Citations are required for all facts or ideas that do not belong to the writer. While parenthetical citations and in-text citations are equally valid, in-text citations are more visible; they carry more weight and are harder to work with, especially when used as the subject of a sentence or at the start of a paragraph. By becoming familiar with both kinds of citations, students can control the prominence of authors and improve sentence flow: important steps for shaping scholarly style.
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Tim McIndoo is a Senior Dissertation Editor in the Walden Writing Center. He came to Walden University in 2007 with over 30 years of editorial experience, including work as translator and photographer. He lives in Minneapolis with four cats.
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